Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are a general term for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. They are characterized by high morbidity, high disability and high mortality rates. They mainly affect the normal function of the heart and blood vessels, leading to obstructed blood flow or insufficient blood supply to organs.The experimental rat model can effectively simulate human cardiovascular disease. It also has the advantages of strong reproductive capacity and easy detection. It is one of the main animal models for cardiovascular disease research.

Blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) is the percentage of oxygenated hemoglobin in the blood that is bound to oxygen to the total hemoglobin capacity. It is an important parameter of the respiratory and circulatory systems and plays an important role in the prevention, diagnosis, and monitoring of clinical diseases. It is also widely used as an important physiological indicator in animal surgical monitoring and respiratory and circulatory system research.

Animals have always accompanied the continuous progress and development of human society. The prosperity of modern human society is inseparable from the proper use of animals. However, while humans view animals as "partners" who contribute to their own rise, they often overlook their living environment and inner feelings. Compared to the long history of mankind, attention to animal welfare has only been around for a little over a century.

In the field of drug delivery, nanotechnology has always been regarded as a potential stock to improve drug efficacy and reduce side effects.However, traditional nano-drug delivery systems often have difficulty in achieving a balance between penetration rate and in vivo retention time.This problem limits the application of nanomedicine in the treatment of respiratory diseases such as acute lung injury.

Motor coordination ability refers to the ability to regulate and integrate the movements of various parts of the body during physical movement. It integrates multiple physical qualities such as sensitivity, speed, and balance, and fully reflects the control and regulation function of the central nervous system on muscle activity.In addition to central nervous system diseases, pathological changes in the body's metabolism can affect an individual's motor coordination function. Therefore, tests of motor coordination ability can often reflect pathological changes in the body.null

The Hargreaves test is a sensitive method designed to assess thermal pain perception in rodents such as rats and mice.This method involves indirectly applying heat stimulation generated by a focused light source to the plantar surface of the animal's hind paw, and measuring and recording the animal's paw withdrawal latency (PWL) as an indicator of the animal's thermal pain sensitivity.The plantar heat meter is a fully automatic thermal pain assessment device designed based on the Hargreaves test method and has many unique features.null